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尴尬的12月份,稻虾田上水已经太迟,不上水小龙虾养殖户损失更大

作者:尘风发布:2019-12-13 8:59:03阅读:3,136次

  秋冬季节加水的具体时间是在什么时候,有几种不同的说法。经过我的整理基本上有两种说法。一般大部分稻虾田和塘口的上水时间是在下半年的10月份左右,这个时间点上水,可以实现早上水出早虾的效果和目的,因此因此如同赶集一样,错过了这个村就没有了那家店了,而哪些没有来得及上水的小龙虾养殖户,打算在12月份,也就是这个季节补水上水,到底是否合适?

尴尬的12月份,稻虾田上水已经太迟,不上水小龙虾养殖户损失更大
  要想弄清楚这个问题,要明白一下几个问题或者说是要点,这也是本文要讨论的要点:
  9月下旬到10月初稻虾田上水的目的是什么?效果有哪些?
  12月份左右稻虾田里面的整体生态环境有什么特征?
  为什么说12月份上不上水都挺尴尬?养殖户具体应该如何解决这个难题?
  9月下旬到11月初稻虾田上水的目的是什么?效果有哪些?
  1,9到11月的气候特点:9月下旬的时候,气温总体上开始逐渐降低,但是天气晴朗的时候,气温也有20°以上,相应的水温也还是能够达到20°以上,我们都知道小龙虾是变温动物,最适宜生长繁殖的水温范围在15°到30°之间,这个温度是小龙虾生长最快的时候。根据我的观察,小龙虾在水温达到8°以上的时候,还会出来活动觅食,尽管摄食欲望不高,不过只要养殖户及时投喂饵料,还是多少会吃一点的。所以从9月份开始一直到12月中旬还水面还没有结冰之前,只要水温合适,小龙虾照常正常摄食饵料。,当然,这个时候一般养殖户投喂的都是现磨的的豆浆和豆粕,方便小苗摄食过程中容易消化。
  2,9到11月小龙虾的活动情况:这个时候,上水的目的就显而易见了,在温度适宜的情况下,上水淹洞,藏在龙虾洞里面的成虾(抱卵虾)以及孵化出来刚刚脱离母体的虾仔,在水温合适的前提条件下,会出洞活动觅食。一般栖息在水草表面。11月份之前,晴天的时候气温普遍都还有18°以上,这些 虾仔活动欲望和摄食欲望都还比较强烈,所以这个时候投食,小虾仔和成虾还是生长的很快的。当然这里有一个关键的原因就是要确保水温比较高,同时要减少昼夜温差带来的副作用,根据研究表明,温差超过5°的时候,小龙虾会因为应激反应过度受伤甚至死亡。所以这个时候上水的目的主要是确保小龙虾尤其是小虾仔提前出洞,在水温还比较高的情况下通过摄食饵料来实现快速生长提前快速蜕壳,最终达到在12月份之前的时候明显长大,也就是通常意义上说的早上水出早苗。其次是利用上水淹洞的目的来加高水位,调节水温,保证中下层水温不会太低,降低水温温差对小龙虾的应激伤害,防止小龙虾受伤。
  3,意义:通过9月上旬的上水淹洞,养殖户可以明显发现,小虾仔的生长速度加快,只要养殖户管理工作到位,基本上可以实现在12月份之前,小虾仔可以长成1钱以上的小苗。这样,保证小龙虾的存活率的前提条件下,可以实现来年早春有早虾和高价小龙虾出售的愿望。
  12月份左右稻虾田里面的整体生态环境有什么特征?
  1,12月份之后小龙虾的活动有什么特殊的地方:12月份之后的自然状况又和11月份之前有所不同,主要变化表现在温差越来越大,气温越来越低,基本上天气好的情况下,温度最高的情况下,也只有15°左右,这种情况下,一来小龙虾的活动能力减弱,活动范围大大缩小。同时小龙虾的摄食欲望大大降低,小龙虾一方面耐饥饿的能力很强,半个月不吃东西也不会饿死,只不过会营养不良,停止生长,冬季低温天气下冬眠就是最好的证明。除此之外,小龙虾又很贪食,一次性可以吃掉几天的饵料也不在话下,这也是为什么要在这种情况下,坚持给小龙虾投喂饵料的原因。只要温度在10°左右,小龙虾就会吃食,这也就是为什么在这个季节小龙虾投食饵料的原因,小龙虾饱食,尤其是在冬季饱食的情况下,一般不会出现消化不良的情况,而且可以明显快速生长,所以,对于养殖户来说,冬季给小苗投喂豆浆的话,找准位置,多投食一些,也是不要紧的,小龙虾有可能多吃,即便吃不完的情况下,豆浆和豆粕在水里面也会肥水,不会污染环境。
  2,温差过大,水温过低:但是这里有一个关键性的因素,就是温差过大水温过低。温差过大和水温过低,直接影响就是小龙虾的小苗会在大多数情况下藏在环沟里面和环沟附近水草茂盛的地方,因为一来这种地方水位深,水草多,相对而言水温也会比较高,适合小龙虾生存,而稻虾田里面别的浅水种植区由于水位浅,繁殖过少,并不适合小龙虾的生长繁殖过冬,主要是小苗。而这个时候稻虾田里面的成虾大部分时候都还躲藏在龙虾洞里面。
  为什么说12月份上不上水都挺尴尬?养殖户具体应该如何解决这个难题?
  1,12月份之后低水位的危害:对于养殖户来说,这个季节一来要尽量保持高水位,其次保证水位变化比较稳定,不能频繁降低水位,以免造成温差过大,引起小龙虾死亡。然后就是今天的主要内容,如果说养殖户朋友以前,就是在9月下旬的时候,没有或者忽略了上水淹洞这个最重要的管理措施,结果导致稻虾田里面青苔大量生长繁殖,幼虾生长缓慢,水位低,水温低,可能有很大一部分,小苗被冻死。而12月份之后,由于低温原因,小苗基本上已经不会生长了。也就是说,9月下旬没有及时上水淹洞的话,那么12月份再来上水淹洞,我个人感觉已经没有太大的意义了。从10月份开始,经历几轮低温寒潮之后,对于养殖户来说,早就应该知道要将水位加高,而现在也就是12月份开始的时候,昼夜温差已经很大,早已经到了必须加深水位的时候。
  2,12月份之后水位调节的尴尬:也许有的人会觉得这个时候迟加水也无所谓,稻虾田里面还有这么多小苗,随便用桶一舀就是几十个,这个其实不是重点,重点是这些小苗太小,只有米粒大小,即便这个时候加水,保证小龙虾不会被全部冻死。但是苗子太小,明年开春没有早苗出,小龙虾的苗子太小,养殖户密度过大,4月下旬之后,长不大的小龙虾又不值钱这样又有什么意义呢?养殖户都是奔着高价小龙虾来的,苗子太多,规格小,也没有任何意义。
  小结:
  12月份并不是一个很好的稻虾田上水季节,要么就还晚一点,干脆等到开春之后的2月中旬上水养大虾,因为12月份之前没有及时上水的话,稻虾田里面已经没有早苗,索性不要规格小的虾苗了,所以不以出售虾苗的养殖户建议12月份左右之后的这个季节不上水,直接等来年2月份之后上水淹洞刺激龙虾洞里面的大虾出来活动觅食,专门养成成虾出售,这其实也就是一个亡羊补牢的无奈之举。朋友们有什么感想呢?

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